In particular, subcortical limbic and frontal areas of the brain are thought to malfunction in depressive states, or even show morphological changes and biochemical dysfunction. That music affects the emotions is a well-known phenomena, and modern neuroscience has revealed the subcortical areas involved in emotion processing and emotional disorders. Music therapy has the potential to serve as an adjunct to, or facilitator of, medication, may reduce the amount of medication administered, or can even serve as a method of choice instead of medication, as demonstrated, for example, in anaesthesia. However, side effects as nausea, diarrhoea, headache or anxiety are well known, and patients are therefore seeking alternative complementary treatments. point out that both the international and national clinical guidelines recommend that, along with an appropriate medication, the meaning of interactive treatments, such as psychotherapy, is important.Īs regards medication, antidepressants such as SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), MAOI (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors) and the older TCAs (tricyclic antidepressants) are mostly used. ![]() ![]() In particular, after the acute phase of depression, a patient should be offered the possibility of receiving cognitive and other psychological treatments. This is striking given the fact that many patients suffering from severe or chronic depression do not benefit from antidepressants. For example, of patients who retired due to depression between 1993 and1994, and between 20, only 9% and 11%, respectively, had received psychotherapy. Psychotherapy is offered as well, but, according to Honkonen et al, it is not often utilized. In Finnish treatment practice, medication together with psychiatric counselling is the most common combination of depression treatments. In addition to traditional psychiatric services, specific depression projects have been established across Finland as part of which medical professionals, mainly nurses, have been trained to assess and council people suffering from depression. Depression is more prevalent in women (7,8%) than in men (4,1%). Lifetime prevalence is about 20% of the population. Prevalence of depression in Finland is estimated at 5–6,5% of the population (about 200 000 people). Trial registrationĭepression is the most frequent mental disorder in Finland, and its meaning as an illness from both an economic and a human suffering point of view, is among the biggest challenges of today's health-care system. The size and the comprehensiveness of the study are sufficient for generalizing its findings to clinical practice as well as to further music therapy research. Furthermore, the findings are expected to reveal whether music related emotional experiences, as measured by EEG, can be utilized in assessing a depressive client's improvement in the therapy. For the first time in this context, the mediating processes, such as changes in musical expression and interaction during the course of therapy, will be objectively investigated, and it is expected that the results will provide new insights into these processes. ![]() ![]() This study aims to fill a gap in knowledge as to whether active (improvisational) music therapy applied to people with depression improves their condition. A blind assessor will measure outcomes before testing, after 3 months, and after 6 months. All participants will receive standard care, but the experimental group will be offered biweekly sessions of improvisational music therapy over a period of 3 months. MethodsĨ5 adults (18–50 years of age) with depression (ICD-10: F 32 or F33) will be randomly assigned to an experimental or a control condition. In particular, attention will be given to mediator agents, such as musical expression and interaction in the sessions, as well as to the explanatory potential of EEG recordings in investigating emotion related music perception of individuals with depression. The aim of this study is to examine whether improvisational, psychodynamically orientated music therapy in an individual setting helps reduce symptoms of depression and improve other health-related outcomes. Despite the lack of research into the effects of music therapy on this population, anecdotal evidence suggests that the results are rather promising. Music therapy is frequently offered to individuals suffering from depression.
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